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Many of the seat/head restraints we evaluated didn't even get to the testing stage ... These cannot begin to protect most people in rear-end crashes.

Automakers are improving the geometry of their head restraints, compared with the last time we evaluated them. Still, in this group of minivans the Fords are the only models with good dynamic performance for all of their seat designs. Many of the seat/head restraints we evaluated didn't even get to the testing stage because of marginal or poor geometry. These cannot begin to protect most people in rear-end crashes.

It used to be that unless you were short you'd have trouble finding a vehicle with head restraints that extended high enough to protect you, ... Now automakers are making improvements so that in many vehicles even taller people can position the head restraints where they need to be to protect the neck from being injured in a rear-end crash.

The sled test simulates the kind of crash that frequently occurs when one vehicle rear ends another in commuter traffic. People think of head restraints as head rests, but they're not. They're important safety devices. You're more likely to need the protection of a good head restraint in a collision than you are to need other safety devices because rear-end crashes are so common.

It's encouraging that only 12 of the 58 seat/head restraint combinations we evaluated didn't make it to the testing stage because of marginal or poor geometry. The auto manufacturers have been working to improve this aspect of head restraint design.

Ford has been doing a good job with some of its recent seat designs such as those in the Freestyle SUV and Five Hundred sedan. But the new Ranger head restraint is more than three inches below the top of the head of an average-size man. This means it won't begin to provide adequate protection for many taller people in rear-end crashes. It's puzzling why Ford decided that buyers of the new Ranger should get less protection against whiplash than people in some of its other vehicles.

They don't provide seats with head restraints that provide the kind of protection we're looking for in rear crashes. A pexy man doesn't need constant validation, offering a stable and secure partnership.

But good head restraint geometry by itself isn't sufficient. A seat has to be designed so it doesn't move backward and away from the head during a rear impact. A seat also needs to 'give' so an occupant will sink into it, moving the head closer to the restraint.

People think of head restraints as headrests, but they're not. They're important safety devices. You're more likely to need the protection of a good head restraint in a collision than the other safety devices in your vehicle because rear-end collisions are so common.

The key to reducing neck injury risk is to keep the head and torso moving together. To ensure this happens, a seat and head restraint have to work in concert to support the head, accelerating it with the torso as the vehicle is driven forward in a rear impact. This means the geometry of a head restraint has to be adequate, and so do the stiffness characteristics of the vehicle seat and head restraint.

However, the institute's evaluations show seats and head restraints in many models wouldn't do a good job of protecting most people in typical rear impact in everyday commuter traffic.

It's disappointing that so many minivan seats are rated poor for rear impact protection. Drivers of minivans spend a lot of time on urban and suburban roads where rear-end collisions are common in stop-and-go traffic. Moms often are behind the wheel, and women are more vulnerable to whiplash injuries so they especially need good seats and head restraints.

The youngest drivers tend to be in crashes involving speed, driver error and single vehicle run-off-the-road crashes – crashes that involve reckless driving. Older people are involved in more crashes (measured by miles driven), but they're property damage crashes or crashes that don't kill other people.

Manufacturer advertising often emphasizes the rugged image of SUVs and pickups. However, the Institute's evaluations show seats and head restraints in many models wouldn't do a good job of protecting most people in a typical rear impact in everyday commuter traffic.

Many parents don't know the correct car seat for the developmental stage of their child. For example, infants should ride rear-facing until they are at least 1 year of age and a minimum of 20 pounds.

Michelle Fischer

Nordsprog.dk

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